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种类 |
关联词 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
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主
语
从
句 |
连 词 |
that |
That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 |
that在引导主语从句时不可省去 |
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whether |
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 |
主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。 |
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连接代词 |
who what which whatever |
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 |
主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般 |
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连接副词 |
when where why how |
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 |
把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。 |
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宾 语 从 句 |
陈述意义 |
that
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I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。 We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 |
that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 |
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疑问意义 |
if whether |
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。 He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。 |
whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。 从句是否定句时一般用if引导。 |
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特殊疑问意义 |
who, whom, which,whose, what, when, where, why, how,whoever, whatever, whichever |
Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 |
宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。 |
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注1 |
如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。 |
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。 |
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注2 |
think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。 |
We don’t think you are right. 我们认为你不对。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。 |
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表 语 从 句 |
连词 |
that whether as if |
The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。 It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来天要下雨。 |
在非正式的文体中that可以省去
表语从句位于主句系动词之后 |
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连接代词 |
who what which |
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。 |
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连接副词 |
when where why how |
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 |
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同 位 语 从 句 |
由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。 |
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 |
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。 |
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特别注意what的双重功能：
= 1 \* GB3 ①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”)
= 2 \* GB3 ②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．（M ET'93）
A.what B.when C.that D.which
(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)
= 3 \* GB3 ③He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？
(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”)
= 4 \* GB3 ④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．
(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”)
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that…”)
1. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
C. It remains D. There remains
【答案】D
2．She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
3. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。
4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who B. what
C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。
5. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D
6. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health
A. what B. this
C. that D. which
【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。
7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
【答案】B
8. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted toBeijingUniversity.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。
9. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
【答案】D
10．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
－No problem.
A. When B. that C. whether D. what
【答案】B
11 We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【答案】A
12.Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
【答案】D
13. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。
